Multicast Packet Type¶
Prior Readings:
Available since: v2024.0.
Brief¶
Reduce number of packets / overhead by introducing a new batman-adv multicast packet type which is capable of holding multiple destination addresses.
Previous State¶
batman-adv now has IP multicast group awareness. And with that can detect in advance which other nodes want to receive an IPv4/IPv6 multicast packet for a specific multicast destination/multicast group.
Before, the sender algorithm so far was simply either sending a packet via one batman-adv unicast packet for each interested destination node:
Or when the number of destination is larger than 16 (default, configurable) it would fall back to using a single batman-adv broadcast packet:
The former method is more efficient when the number of interested nodes is rather small. And allows bothering less nodes in the mesh and by that then generating less overhead in the overall mesh. However it still often leads to duplicated transmissions of the multicast IP packet especially on the first hops.
For more details see:Technical Specification¶
MCAST packet type header¶
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Packet Type | Version | TTL | reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| TVLV length | MCAST Tracker TVLV ... |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-|
| ... | Data ... |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-|
| ... |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- Packet Type: BATADV_MCAST (0x05)
- Version: 15
- TTL:
- reserved: 0x00
- TVLV length:
- Data: Encapsulated ethernet frame with 2 byte alignment (to make IP packets 4 byte aligned)
MCAST Tracker TVLV¶
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| TVLV Type | TVLV Version | TVLV Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| #Num Dests (N) | Dest 1 ... |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| ... |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Dest 2 ... |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| ... | Dest N ... |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| ... | [padding] |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- TVLV Type: 0x07
- TVLV Version: 1
- #Num Dests: Number of destinations (originator MAC addresses)
- [padding]: Optional 2 byte padding, only present if #Num Dests are even, to make Tracker TVLV 4 byte aligned (to make encapsulated IP packets 4 byte aligned)
OGM Multicast TVLV flags¶
The following flag is added to the MCAST flags in the multicast TVLV of an OGM:
BATADV_MCAST_HAVE_MC_PTYPE_CAPA (Bit 5):¶
Signalizes that:
- This node is capable of receiving, parsing and forwarding a batman-adv multicast packet with a multicast tracker TVLV.
- All hard interfaces of this node have an MTU of at least 1280.
Statistics Counters¶
"$ batctl statistics" can be used to check if the batman-adv multicast packet type is used and working as expected.
- mcast_tx: transmitted batman-adv multicast packets (for each outgoing ethernet frame)
- mcast_tx_bytes: bytes counter for mcast_tx (encapsulated packet size, includes/assumes 14 bytes for outer ethernet frame)
- mcast_tx_local: counter for multicast packets which were locally encapsulated and transmitted as batman-adv multicast packets
- mcast_tx_local_bytes: bytes counter for mcast_tx_local (decapsulated packet size, including the payload ethernet frame)
- mcast_rx: received batman-adv multicast packet counter (for each incoming ethernet frame)
- mcast_rx_bytes: bytes counter for mcast_rx (encapsulated packet size, includes/assumes 14 bytes for outer ethernet frame)
- mcast_rx_local: counter for received batman-adv multicast packets which were forwarded to the local soft interface, ak. "bat0"
- mcast_rx_local_bytes: bytes counter for mcast_rx_local (decapsulated packet size, including the payload ethernet frame)
- mcast_fwd: counter for received batman-adv multicast packets which were forwarded to other, neighboring nodes (for each incoming ethernet frame)
- mcast_fwd_bytes: bytes counter for mcast_fwd (encapsulated packet size, includes/assumes 14 bytes for outer ethernet frame)
Extensibility¶
Using an optional TVLV for receiver indication allows more flexibility between the data and control plane, to increase the number of receiving nodes and/or reducing overhead in the future.
For instance a forwarding node could cache the destinations in the tracker TVLV with a hash in a key:hash([dests]) -> [dests] database. And a sender could prefill this database by sending a multicast packet with a tracker TVLV, but without the actual payload data. Then a sender could later use a more compact tracker TVLV variant which only contains the hash([dests]) next to the payload data.
Limitations¶
- Neither the BATMAN IV nor BATMAN V routing algorithm can currently perform path MTU discovery. And the batman-adv fragmentation is not yet capable of handling this new batman-adv packet type, nor is it capable of reassembling per hop. Therefore the easy solution for now is to require an interface MTU of at least 1280 bytes on each active hard interface. 1280 bytes is also the IPv6 minimum MTU, so this makes it already less likely to be undercut in practice.
- If the payload data's size together with the number destination nodes is too large, so if the final batman-adv multicast packet would exceed 1280 bytes (excluding the outer ethernet frame), then the batman-adv multicast packet type cannot/will not be used. Example limits:
- 2 destination nodes: 1222 bytes ethernet frame size
- 8 destination nodes: 1186 bytes ethernet frame size
- 32 destination nodes: 1030 bytes ethernet frame size
- 128 destination nodes: 454 bytes ethernet frame size
- 196 destination nodes: 46 bytes ethernet frame size (= minimum ethernet frame size without a VLAN)
If such a limitation is reached then batman-adv will either fall back to multicast via multiple batman-adv unicast packes. Or if that is not possible either, to classic flooding.
- Multicast fanout setting is not considered yet. A multicast payload packet will only use one or no batman-adv multicast packet for now, for reduced complexity. And a batman-adv node would not know how to best split destinations to reduce the number of resplits/retransmissions along the paths / multicast tree.